Hypoplasia called developmental abnormalities, which are the underdevelopment of tissue, organ, part of the body or the whole organism. This is a congenital malformation, the extreme expression of which is aplasia, which is a congenital absence of an organ or part of the body.
Hypoplasia of the whole organism is called microsomy, or nanism (it is a type of dwarfism). However, underdevelopment of individual organs is more often encountered: hypoplasia of the brain, or microcephaly, which is sometimes combined with underdevelopment of the spinal cord and limbs; hypoplasia of one kidney, which is accompanied by a compensatory increase in the other kidney; breast hypoplasia, usually accompanied by underdevelopment of the external or internal genital organs - infantilism.
Hypoplasia - the causes of the disease
Hypoplasia develops due to a violation of the intrauterine development of the fetus, which occurs due to the impact on the mother's body of various external and internal factors. Internal factors are represented by all abnormalities of the primary embryonic cell bookmark; external - external adverse effects on the fetus, which can be very diverse.
One of the most important external factors in the development of hypoplasia is a decrease in the amount of amniotic fluid and the incorrect position of the fetus. In addition, the defect can develop due to the influence of radiant energy, injuries, pressure on the pregnant woman’s uterus, exposure to high temperature and harmful metabolic products, alcohol, smoking, etc.
Various diseases of the mother, especially infections that are transmitted through the placenta from her to the fetus (intrauterine infections), such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, flu, etc., can also lead to impaired fetal development and hypoplasia.
Hypoplasia of the whole organism (nanism) occurs due to neuroendocrine growth disorders.
Hypoplasia - Symptoms
Symptoms of the disease depend on which organs are affected by hypoplasia.
So, enamel hypoplasia is manifested by a violation of its formation, most often on permanent teeth. Signs of tooth enamel hypoplasia are whitish spots or depigmentation of various sizes, dotted or more often shaped depressions, grooves, enamel constrictions of tooth crowns, sometimes a complete absence of enamel on the affected area of the tooth or on the entire surface of the tooth crown.
Dermal focal hypoplasia is characterized by the formation of sharply delimited foci of thinned hyperpigmented skin, nail dystrophy, hypotrichosis, anomalies in the development of the eyes, larynx, heart, and skeleton.
Hypoplasia of sex gonads (testicles and ovaries) is characterized by a decrease in the level of sex hormones and a violation of the processes of ovulation and spermatogenesis, resulting in sexual disorders such as decreased libido, weakened potency in men, frigidity in women.
Hypoplasia - diagnosis
The methods for diagnosing the disease are very different and depend on which organ is affected by hypoplasia.
Hypoplasia - treatment and prevention
The choice of treatment for tooth enamel hypoplasia is determined by the form and severity of the disease. Spotted hypoplasia is treated by bleaching with medication or grinding with simultaneous remineralizing therapy to prevent tooth decay. With significant damage to the teeth, they are covered with artificial crowns.
Treatment of kidney hypoplasia should be carried out with complications of pyelonephritis and hypertension. However, a hypoplastic kidney can be removed only in the case of the normal functioning of the contralateral one.
Treatment of gonadal hypoplasia is performed by correcting hormonal balance.
The main method for the prevention of hypoplasia is the maximum possible elimination of any harmful effects on the body of a woman who is carrying a child.
